There are many conditions that can cause swelling of the ankles and feet.
It can be caused by standing or walking for too long. It could be a sign that you have a serious medical condition.
See your doctor if your feet or ankles are swelling for a long time, if it is preventing you from performing normal activities or if there are other symptoms.
Causes of foot or ankle swelling:
Injury
Swelling can be caused by an injury to the ankle or foot. Sprained ankles are the most common injury. The ligaments supporting the ankle can be stretched or torn.
Swelling is usually gone within a couple of days after an injury. It can be treated by using ice, elevating the affected area, and taking pain relievers over-the-counter.
Pregnancy Complications
It’s not uncommon for feet and ankles during pregnancy to swell. This may be due to fluid retention and extra weight that occurs during pregnancy.
Most pregnant women do not need to be concerned about swollen feet and ankles. If the swelling is severe or sudden, and accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, headaches, or vision problems, then you should consult your doctor. If this happens, it may be a sign that you have preeclampsia. Consult your doctor right away if the swelling is severe or sudden.
Heart or Blood Issues
Certain forms of cardiac failure may cause the accumulation of water and salt, causing swelling of the feet and ankles.
A blood clot can cause swelling in the legs if it blocks the blood flow.
This can also be an indication of or venous insufficiency , where the valves within the veins which help the blood to flow back towards the heart are damaged.
Kidney or liver disease
The kidneys usually remove excess fluid from the body through urine. This excess fluid can cause swelling in the body if the kidneys do not function properly.
Albumin is produced by the liver, among other things, to keep fluids in the blood from leaking into the tissues. If the liver isn’t working correctly, decreased albumin can lead to fluid leakage or swelling.
Medications
Swelling can be a side-effect of certain medications , including:
- Steroids
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
- Blood pressure medication
- Some diabetes medications
- Hormone Therapy
- Antidepressants
Tell your doctor if you have side effects from a prescribed medication before you stop taking it. Your doctor may be able modify your dosage, or prescribe a different treatment.
Other possible causes
Swollen feet and ankles can be caused by a number of other factors, including:
- Insect bites and stings
- Allergies
- Infections
- Lymphedema
- Reactivity of cold or heat
- Gout
Your doctor will examine your symptoms and medical background. If necessary, he or she may order imaging studies or blood tests. The underlying cause of swollen feet and ankles will determine the treatment.
